Automotive electrical engineering refers to the system responsible for the generation, distribution and management of electrical energy in a vehicle. It consists of the following main components:
Generator:
* Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into rotational motion, providing energy to the vehicle’s electrical system.
Battery:
* Stores electrical energy and provides power to the system when the generator is not running (for example, when starting the engine).
Starter:
* Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, turning the engine and starting the car.
Ignition system:
* Creates a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the engine cylinders. It usually includes the ignition coil, distributor and spark plugs.
Lighting system:
* Provides vehicle lighting including headlights, taillights, turn signals and interior lighting.
Engine Management System (ECM):
* Monitors engine performance by adjusting fuel supply, ignition and other parameters to ensure optimal performance.
Wiring:
* A network of cables and connections connecting various electrical components.
Fuses and relays:
* Protect the electrical system from overloads and malfunctions by breaking the circuit when excessive current flows.
Other components:
*In addition to the main components, a vehicle’s electrical system may include devices such as:
* Sensors that monitor various vehicle parameters (for example, speed, temperature, pressure)
* Drives that control various mechanisms (for example, power windows, door locks)
* Computers and modules providing additional functionality and control