Operating principle
The torque converter of the Opel Insignia automatic transmission is a hydrodynamic torque converter. It transfers power from the engine to the transmission and provides infinitely variable transmission ratios.
The torque converter consists of:
* Pump: Driven by a motor and creates a flow of fluid.
* Turbines: Connected to the transmission input shaft and receives fluid flow from the pump.
* Stator: Located between the pump and turbine and directs the flow of fluid to increase torque.
Key Features:
* Transformation ratio: The relationship between input and output torque. Typically between 2.0 and 2.5 when moving from a standstill.
*Slip: Difference between pump and turbine speed. When moving from a standstill, the slip is high, which ensures high transmission capacity. As speed increases, slip decreases.
*Lockup: After reaching a certain speed, the torque converter locks up to reduce losses and improve efficiency.
Advantages
* Smooth Gear Shifting: The torque converter compensates for jerky shifting.
*High starting torque: Provides good traction and smooth acceleration.
*Transmission Protection: The torque converter absorbs shock and vibration, protecting the transmission from damage.
Flaws
*Power Loss: The torque converter can cause power loss due to slippage.
* Difficulty of maintenance: The torque converter is a complex device that requires special equipment for repair.
*Limited Fuel Economy: The torque converter may reduce fuel economy compared to other types of transmissions.