The operating principle of the automatic transmission clutch (torque converter)
The torque converter in the automatic transmission acts as a clutch, transmitting torque from the engine to the gearbox. It consists of:
* Pump wheel: Attached to the engine crankshaft and transmits rotation to the fluid.
* Turbine wheel: Connected to the transmission shaft and receives rotation from the fluid.
* Reactor: Located between the pump and turbine wheels and directs the flow of fluid, increasing torque.
Working principle:
1. When the engine starts: The pump wheel rotates, creating a flow of fluid that drives the turbine wheel.
2. Gear Shift: When the transmission shifts to a higher gear, fluid flow is directed through the reactor, increasing torque at the turbine wheel.
3. Torque Converter Lockup: When the vehicle reaches a certain speed, the torque converter is mechanically locked, directly connecting the pump and turbine wheels. This improves efficiency and reduces power loss.
4. Torque Conversion: The torque converter also acts as a torque converter, multiplying engine torque at low speeds for better acceleration.
Advantages of a torque converter:
* Smooth gear shifting without jerking
* Increased torque at low speeds
*Transmission overload protection
Disadvantages of a torque converter:
* Power loss when the torque converter is locked
* Lower efficiency compared to manual transmissions