Operating principle of a torque converter
A torque converter is a type of friction transmission used in automatic car transmissions. It transmits power from the engine to the transmission and performs the following functions:
*Transmission of torque from engine to gearbox
*Convert input speed from motor
* Ensure smooth gear shifting
Torque converter device
The torque converter consists of the following main components:
* Impeller (pump): Driven by the engine and creating a flow of hydraulic fluid.
* Reactor: Directs fluid flow back to the impeller, increasing torque.
* Turbine wheel: Receives the fluid flow from the reactor and transfers it to the gearbox.
*Hydraulic fluid: Used to transmit power and cool components.
Operating principle
1. Creating a flow of fluid: When the engine starts, the impeller begins to rotate and creates a flow of hydraulic fluid.
2. Impact on the reactor: The liquid flow from the impeller is directed to the reactor. The reactor redirects the fluid flow back to the impeller, creating additional force that increases torque.
3. Fluid intake by turbine wheel: The fluid flow from the reactor acts on the turbine wheel, which transmits power to the gearbox.
4. Speed conversion: When the motor speed changes, the fluid flow speed also changes. This provides speed conversion between the engine and gearbox.
Transformer blocking
At higher speeds, the torque converter is locked using a lock-up clutch. This eliminates slippage between the impeller and turbine wheel, which improves transmission efficiency.
Advantages of a torque converter
* Smooth Gear Shifting: The torque converter ensures smooth, smooth transitions between gears.
*Torque Boost: The torque converter reactor increases the torque available from the engine, which is especially useful when starting and towing.
*Transmission Protection: The torque converter absorbs vibration and shock loads, protecting other transmission components.