Automatic box design
An automatic transmission is a complex mechanical system that transfers power from the engine to the transmission depending on the vehicle speed and load. It consists of the following main components:
* Torque Converter: This is a pump-like device that transfers power from the engine to the transmission. It consists of two main elements:
* Pump attached to the engine
* Turbine attached to gearbox
*Planetary Gear: This is a type of transmission consisting of several planetary gears that rotate around a central sun gear. The planetary gears are connected to the carrier plate, and the sun gear is connected to the shaft.
*Clutch Packs: These are sets of linings that are engaged and disengaged by hydraulic pressure to engage and disengage gears.
* Valve body: This is a device that controls the flow of hydraulic pressure in the gearbox, allowing the gearbox to shift into different gears.
* Sensors: The automatic transmission uses various sensors, such as the speed sensor and throttle sensor, to collect information about speed, load and throttle position.
Operating principle
The automatic transmission works as follows:
1. Torque Converter: The torque converter transmits power from the engine to the transmission through the flow of hydraulic oil. The engine pump blades rotate oil, which transmits torque to the transmission turbine blades.
2. Planetary gear: Planetary gear uses different combinations of gear meshing to vary the gear ratio. The valve body directs hydraulic pressure to the clutch packs, which engage and disengage the various gears.
3. Shifting: The valve body uses information from sensors to determine when to shift gears. It directs hydraulic pressure to the appropriate clutch pack to engage the desired gear.
4. Power Transfer: When the gear is engaged, power is transferred from the engine through the torque converter, planetary gear and shaft to the wheels.
Types of automatic transmissions
There are different types of automatic transmissions, including:
*Conventional automatic transmissions: These transmissions have a torque converter and a conventional planetary gear. They are commonly used in passenger cars.
* Variable Variable Transmissions (CVT): CVTs use two bevel pulleys and a belt to transmit power. They provide smooth and efficient gear shifting.
* Robotic Transmissions: These transmissions use electro-hydraulic control to automate gear shifting in a manual transmission.