Transmission type: Automatic
Clutch type: Hydraulic torque converter
Working principle:
* Instead of a mechanical clutch, an automatic transmission uses a torque converter.
* A torque converter consists of two turbines connected by a liquid.
* When the engine is running, the input turbine rotates.
* The fluid in the torque converter transmits rotation to the output turbine, which is connected to the transmission.
* The torque converter ratio depends on the engine speed and the load on the gearbox.
* At low engine speeds, the torque converter provides a high gear ratio, which gives greater traction.
*As engine speed increases, the gear ratio decreases, increasing transmission efficiency.
Advantages of a torque converter clutch:
* Smooth gear shifting without jerking or jolting.
* Reduced load on transmission and engine.
* Protection against overload and overheating of the gearbox.
Flaws:
*Slightly lower fuel efficiency compared to manual transmission.
* More expensive repairs and maintenance.