Torque converter in Volkswagen automatic transmission
Purpose and principle of operation
The torque converter is the main component of an automatic transmission (AT). Its main functions are:
*Transmission of torque from engine to gearbox
* Torque multiplication at low engine speeds
* Ensure smooth gear shifting
The torque converter consists of the following main elements:
* Pump impeller: Driven by the engine and pressurizing the hydraulic fluid.
* Turbine impeller: Connected to the output shaft of the torque converter and receives hydraulic fluid from the pump impeller.
* Reactor: Located between the pump and turbine impellers, it directs hydraulic fluid to increase torque at low speeds.
* Torque Converter Lock: A mechanical mechanism that locks the turbine and pump impellers together at higher speeds for increased efficiency.
When the engine is running, the pump impeller rotates and creates hydraulic fluid pressure. This fluid is directed to the turbine impeller, which rotates under the force of the fluid. The reactor helps increase torque at low engine speeds by directing fluid back to the pump impeller.
At higher speeds, when the transmitted torque decreases, the torque converter lock locks, connecting the turbine and pump impellers. This eliminates slip losses and improves efficiency.
Types of torque converters in Volkswagen automatic transmissions
Volkswagen uses different types of torque converters depending on the specific vehicle model and transmission:
*Single Stage Torque Converter: The simplest type that provides a constant torque ratio.
*Multi-stage torque converter: Features multiple torque ratios to optimize power delivery at different engine speeds.
*Lock-up torque converter: Features a lock-up that engages at higher speeds for improved efficiency.
* Electronically Controlled Torque Converter: Controlled by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to optimize performance and fuel economy.
Torque Converter Maintenance
The torque converter is a long-lasting component, but proper maintenance is critical to its performance. Recommended:
*Replace hydraulic fluid and filter regularly
*Avoid towing heavy loads or driving at high engine speeds for long periods of time
* Inspect the torque converter for wear or damage if shifting problems or vibrations occur while driving.