Connection of an automatic transmission (AT) to the engine
The automatic transmission is connected to the engine through a torque converter, also known as a fluid coupling. The torque converter acts as a clutch and ensures smooth gear shifting.
How does a torque converter work:
* The torque converter consists of three main parts: impeller, turbine and stator.
* The impeller is attached to the engine crankshaft.
* The turbine is attached to the input shaft of the automatic transmission.
* The stator is located between the impeller and the turbine.
* The impeller creates a flow of oil that causes the turbine to rotate.
* When the engine speed increases, the oil flow rate also increases.
* The stator changes the direction of oil flow, creating a hydrodynamic force that transfers power from the engine to the automatic transmission.
Additional items:
In addition to the torque converter, the following elements are involved in connecting the automatic transmission to the engine:
* Flexplate: The flexplate is attached to the crankshaft and is part of the torque converter. It transfers power from the engine to the torque converter.
* Fifth Bearing: The fifth bearing supports the transmission output shaft and keeps the torque converter aligned.
* O-rings: O-rings are installed to prevent oil leakage from the connection between the engine and automatic transmission.
Advantages of a torque converter:
* Shifts gears smoothly for a comfortable driving experience.
* Reduces vibration and noise from the engine.
* Protects the transmission from overloads by acting as a shock absorber.
* Allows low-speed driving (for example, when maneuvering in a parking lot) without having to press the clutch.