Automatic transmission cooling system
An automatic transmission (AT) is a complex mechanical device that converts input power from the engine to ensure smooth gear changes and transfer torque to the wheels. During operation, the automatic transmission generates a significant amount of heat due to friction and mechanical losses. An efficient cooling system is required to prevent overheating and ensure optimal performance.
Types of automatic transmission cooling systems
There are two main types of automatic transmission cooling systems:
* External cooling: Heat is transferred from the automatic transmission to a heat exchanger, which is installed outside the transmission and is cooled by the environment.
* Internal Cooling: Heat is dissipated inside the automatic transmission using internal oil passages and finned surfaces.
External cooling system
The external cooling system consists of the following components:
* Heat Exchanger: The heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat from the transmission fluid to the coolant or air. It is usually installed in front of the radiator to use the cool air coming in to cool the engine.
* Pipelines: Pipelines connect the automatic transmission to the heat exchanger and ensure the circulation of transmission fluid.
* Oil Pump: The automatic transmission oil pump circulates transmission fluid through the cooling system.
* Thermostat: The thermostat regulates the flow of transmission fluid into the heat exchanger, opening when a certain temperature is reached to cool the fluid.
Internal cooling system
The internal cooling system relies on transmission fluid to remove heat from the automatic transmission’s mechanical components. Heat is dissipated through:
* Oil Channels: Oil channels inside the automatic transmission direct transmission fluid to friction areas and hot components.
* Finned Surfaces: Finned surfaces inside the automatic transmission increase the surface area, making it easier to dissipate heat.
* Oil Pan Filters: Automatic transmission oil pan filters remove contaminants from the transmission fluid, allowing for efficient circulation and cooling.
Advantages and Disadvantages
External cooling system:
*Advantages: more efficient cooling, possibility of use with high-power automatic transmissions.
* Disadvantages: more complex and expensive installation.
Internal cooling system:
*Advantages: Easier and cheaper installation.
* Disadvantages: less efficient cooling, suitable for automatic transmissions with low and medium power.
Most modern automatic transmissions use a combination of internal and external cooling systems to provide optimal cooling under a variety of operating conditions.