Basic electrical system of a passenger car
Battery
* Provides energy to start the engine and power electrical components.
*Typical capacity: 40-80 amp hours.
* Service life: 3-6 years.
Generator
* Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power the vehicle and charge the battery.
* Output power: 60-200 amps.
Starter
* Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to start the engine.
* Power: 1-2 kilowatts.
Wiring
* Connects various electrical components.
* Protected by fuses or fuse links from overloads.
Fuses and fuses
* Protect electrical circuits from excessive load.
* Burn out when the specified current threshold is exceeded.
Relay
* Switching devices that allow you to control electrical circuits at low current.
Lighting
* Headlights, taillights, brake lights, turn signals and hazard lights.
* Use different types of lamps such as halogen, xenon and LED.
Ignition system
* Creates a spark to start and operate the engine.
* Consists of ignition coil, distributor and spark plugs.
Fuel injection system
* Delivers fuel to the engine.
*Uses fuel injectors controlled by an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
Engine management system (ECU)
* The brain of the car, controlling various systems.
* Controls fuel injection, ignition and other parameters to optimize engine performance.
Additional electrical components
* Windows, power locks, air conditioning, audio system, navigation systems and other amenities.
Electrical System Importance
The electrical system is vital to the operation of a passenger vehicle. It provides power to start the engine, operate lights, control systems and other electrical components. Without a properly functioning electrical system, your vehicle will not function properly.