Electrical system of a GAZelle car
The GAZelle electrical system consists of the following main components:
* Rechargeable battery
* Generator
* Voltage regulator
* Starter
* Ignition switch
* Ignition distributor
* Spark plugs
* Ignition coil
* Wires and connections
Wiring diagram
The GAZelle wiring diagram is presented below:
[Image of GAZelle wiring diagram]
Design and principle of operation
Battery
The battery is used to start the engine and power electrical appliances when the engine is not running. It consists of lead-acid cells connected in series.
Generator
The generator converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy. It consists of a rotor, stator and rectifier. When the rotor rotates, an electric current arises in the magnetic field of the stator.
Voltage regulator
The voltage regulator maintains the voltage in the on-board network within specified limits. It measures the voltage across the battery and regulates the current produced by the alternator.
Starter
The starter is used to start the engine. It consists of an electric motor, a retractor relay and a bendix. When the ignition key is turned to the “Start” position, the solenoid relay supplies voltage to the electric motor, which begins to rotate the engine.
Ignition switch
The ignition switch controls starting the engine and supplying power to the devices. It consists of a cylinder, a contact group and an anti-theft device.
Distributor
The ignition distributor distributes high-voltage pulses from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders.
Spark plugs
Spark plugs create the spark needed to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders. They consist of a central electrode, an insulator and a side electrode.
Ignition coil
The ignition coil converts low vehicle voltage into the high voltage needed to create a spark in the spark plugs.
Wires and connections
The electrical system is connected by wires and connectors. Wires carry electrical current, and connectors provide fast and reliable connections between components.