Electrical diagram of a car
A vehicle’s electronic system includes many components that work in tandem to provide power, lighting, and various safety and comfort features. The main components of the electrical circuit include:
Power supplies
* Battery: Provides direct current (DC) to start the engine and power electrical systems when the engine is off.
* Alternator: Produces alternating current (AC) while the engine is running to charge the battery and power electrical systems.
Power management system
* Voltage Regulator: Regulates the voltage generated by the alternator, preventing the battery from overcharging or undercharging.
* Diode Bridge: Converts alternating current from the generator to direct current.
* Fuses and Relays: Protect electrical components from overcurrent and enable/disable various functions.
Lighting system
* Headlights: Provide visibility on the road at night.
* Tail lights: Signal other drivers of your presence and intentions.
* Brake lights: Warn other drivers that you are braking.
* Turn Signals: Signal your intention to turn.
Ignition system
* Ignition Coil: Creates the high voltage needed to ignite the air/fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.
* Spark plugs: Create a spark that ignites the fuel.
Safety and comfort systems
* Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Prevents the wheels from locking during braking, allowing the vehicle to maintain control.
* Electronic Stability Control (ESC): Helps the vehicle stay on track if traction is lost.
* Airbags: Provide protection for the driver and passengers in the event of a collision.
* Air conditioning system: Provides cooling and heating for the vehicle interior.
*Power windows: Operate the windows using an electric drive.
*Power Door Lock: Operates door locks using an electric drive.
The vehicle’s electrical system is constantly improving with the introduction of new technologies such as hybrid and electric vehicles, autopilot systems and connectivity.