Vehicle electrical system
A vehicle’s electrical system provides power to all of its electrical components, including the engine, lights, audio system, and other devices. It consists of the following main parts:
* Battery: Provides power to start the engine and all electrical devices when the engine is off.
* Alternator: Charges the battery and provides power to electrical devices when the engine is running.
* Starter: Moves the engine when started.
*Distribution Box: Distributes power to various electrical components.
* Fuses and relays: Protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits.
* Wiring: Connects electrical components together.
Types of electrical systems in cars
There are two main types of electrical systems in cars:
* Direct current (DC) systems: Constant voltage (12 V or 24 V). These systems are used in most cars.
* Alternating Current (AC) Systems: Voltage is variable. These systems are mainly used in hybrid and electric vehicles.
Electrical system duty cycle
The vehicle’s electrical system works as follows:
* When the engine is off, the battery powers all electrical devices.
*When starting the engine, the starter motor draws current from the battery to start the engine.
* Once the engine starts, the alternator begins to charge the battery and provide power to all electrical devices.
* When the engine is running, most of the electricity is used to run the alternator rather than the battery.
Prevention and repair of the electrical system of the car
In order for the vehicle’s electrical system to function properly, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance and repairs:
* Check and replace the battery every few years.
* Check and replace the alternator belt every 60,000-90,000 kilometers.
* Check and clean battery terminals and wires.
* Check and replace fuses and relays if necessary.
*Using quality electrical components and correct wiring methods.
If you are experiencing problems with your vehicle’s electrical system, it is recommended that you take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair.