Toyota car electrical system
Battery
*Most Toyota models use a 12V battery.
*Located in the engine compartment or trunk.
* Provides power to start the engine, headlights, electronics and other components.
Generator
* Driven by a belt from the engine.
* Charges the battery and provides power to electrical components when the engine is running.
Starter
* An electric motor that starts the engine.
*Activated by ignition key.
* Consumes a large amount of current and therefore requires a powerful battery.
Ignition system
* Consists of ignition coils, spark plugs and Electronic Control Module (ECM).
* The ECM controls the spark required to start the engine.
* Ignition coils convert the 12V from the battery into the high voltage needed to spark.
* Spark plugs create a spark that ignites the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders.
Fuel injection system
*Controlled by ECM.
* Accurately doses fuel into the engine cylinders.
* Consists of a fuel pump, fuel injectors and a fuel line.
Electrical comfort systems
* Window lifters
* Electric mirrors
*Power seats
* Climate control
* Audio system
Security systems
* Anti-lock braking system (ABS)
* Stability Program (ESP)
*Adaptive cruise control
*Collision warning systems
Electrical connectors
* Various electrical connectors connect the system components.
* It is important to keep connections clean and secure.
* Connector covers provide waterproof and corrosion protection.
Electrical system malfunctions
*Dead battery
* Problems with the generator
*Starter faults
* Ignition system errors
* Electrical faults in comfort or safety systems
Electrical System Maintenance
* Check the battery regularly for corrosion and low electrolyte levels.
* Replace the battery if necessary.
* Check the tension of the generator drive belt.
* Clean electrical connectors.
* Repair electrical faults according to the repair manual.