Car electrical diagnostics
Tools:
* Multimeter
* Test lamp
* Diagnostic scanner (for models with on-board computer)
* Other special equipment depending on the system being tested
Basic steps:
1. Visual Inspection: Check for corrosion, damaged insulation, blown fuses and relays.
2. Ground Connection Test: Use a multimeter to measure the resistance between the negative battery terminal and various body ground points. The indicators should be close to zero.
3. Checking Circuits: Use a multimeter to check for voltage and continuity. Measure voltage at component connectors and terminals.
4. Checking Sensors: Use suitable methods to check the functionality of sensors such as pressure gauges, position sensors and lambda probes.
5. Check actuators: Use a multimeter and other methods to check the health of actuators such as starters, alternators and fuel injectors.
6. Checking data buses: For models with on-board computers, use a diagnostic scanner to check communication and data transfer between modules.
7. Check the charging and starting system: Check the functionality of the battery, generator, starter and related systems.
8. Checking the lighting system: Check the functionality of the headlights, tail lights, turn signals and other elements of the lighting system.
9. Checking the comfort system: Check the operation of the air conditioning system, power windows, door locks and other elements of the comfort system.
10. Checking Error Codes: Use a diagnostic scan tool to read error codes stored by the on-board computer, which may indicate problems or malfunctions.
Note:
*Performing electronic diagnostics requires specialized knowledge and skills.
* When working on electrical systems, take precautions and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
* Elimination of identified faults may require replacement of components or repair of electrical wiring.