Battery
* Provides power to the starter and other electrical appliances.
* Consists of cells containing lead plates immersed in an electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid).
Generator
* Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
* Powered by motor belt and generates alternating current.
* Built-in rectifier converts AC to DC.
Starter
* Electric motor that starts the engine.
* Turned on by the ignition key and drives the engine flywheel.
Ignition switch
* A device that controls the power supply to the ignition system and other electrical appliances.
* May contain an immobilizer to prevent theft.
Ignition system
* Creates the spark necessary to ignite the fuel in the cylinders.
* Consists of the following components:
* Spark plugs
* Ignition coils
* Ignition distributor/ignition control system (ECU)
Wiring
* A system of wires and connections that transmits electrical power throughout the vehicle.
*Includes:
* Main wiring harness
* Aftermarket wiring harnesses
* Connectors
Lighting
* Provides visibility at night and in poor visibility conditions.
*Includes:
* Headlights
* Tail lights
* Direction indicators
* Brake lights
* Side lights
Engine Control System (ECU)
* Electronic control module that controls the operation of the engine and other systems.
* Uses sensors and actuators to collect data and adjust engine parameters.
Additional electrical components
* Radio
* Air conditioner
* Electric windows
* Driver assistance systems (eg rear view cameras, blind spot sensors)