Tools:
* Multimeter
* Test lamp
* Probes
* Diagnostic scanner (optional)
Steps:
1. Battery check
*Connect the multimeter to the battery terminals (red wire to +, black to -)
*Normal voltage should be between 12.6 and 13.2V
* Start the engine and recheck the voltage. It should rise to 13.8-14.4 V.
2. Check the charging system
* Stop the engine and allow the generator to cool.
* Disconnect the negative terminal of the battery.
* Connect the multimeter to the generator terminals (red to +, black to body).
*Normal output should be between 13.8V and 14.4V.
3. Checking the starter
*Connect the test lamp to the positive terminal of the battery and ground it.
* Turn on the ignition key.
*If the lamp is bright, this indicates a faulty starter.
* You can also test the solenoid relay by connecting a test lamp to the solenoid relay control wire terminal.
4. Checking the lighting system
* Check the headlights, turn signals, brake lights and parking lights.
*Look for burnt out bulbs or bad connections.
* Use a multimeter or test lamp to check for voltage at the lamp terminals.
5. Checking the electrical wiring
* Visually inspect the wires for damage, breaks and corrosion.
* Use a multimeter in ohmmeter mode to check the wire resistance.
6. Checking electrical components
*To check electrical components such as sensors, relays and fuses, use a diagnostic scanner or follow the directions in your vehicle’s owner’s manual.
7. Additional checks
* Check the operation of the windshield wipers, power windows, audio system and other electrical functions.
* Check trouble codes using a diagnostic scan tool to identify potential electrical problems.
Adviсe:
* Observe safety precautions when working with electricity.
* Wear protective gloves and goggles.
* Disconnect the negative terminal of the battery before starting work.
* If necessary, contact a qualified auto mechanic to diagnose and repair complex electrical problems.