Torque converter in automatic transmission
The torque converter is a key component of an automatic transmission (AT). It performs the following main functions:
1. Communication between engine and transmission:
The torque converter provides a smooth connection between the engine and transmission. It transmits power from the engine crankshaft to the transmission input shaft.
2. Torque transmission:
The torque converter uses fluids to transmit torque from the engine. It converts the input torque to the lower output speed required by the wheels.
3. Torque multiplier:
At low speeds, the torque converter acts as a torque multiplier. It increases the torque input, providing additional power to accelerate the vehicle.
4. Smooth gear shifting:
The torque converter smoothes gear changes by absorbing shock and vibration. This ensures smooth and comfortable gear shifting.
5. Overheat protection:
The fluid used in the torque converter also serves to cool the transmission components. It removes heat from clutches and other components, preventing them from overheating.
Torque converter design:
The torque converter consists of three main elements:
* Pump: Driven by a motor and creates a flow of fluid.
* Turbine: Connected to the input shaft of the gearbox and receives torque from the fluid.
* Stator: Located between the pump and turbine and directs the flow of fluid.
The fluid used in the torque converter is typically automatic transmission fluid (ATF). It is designed to transmit power, lubricate and cool components.
Types of torque converters:
There are two main types of torque converters:
* Continuously Variable Torque Converters: Provides smooth changes in gear ratios, resulting in more efficient engine operation.
*Multi-stage torque converters: Use multiple fixed ratios to improve fuel economy and performance.
The torque converter is an important component of the automatic transmission, which provides smooth power transmission, increased torque and protection against overheating.