Characteristics of an automatic transmission (AT)
An automatic transmission is a type of transmission that automatically changes gears depending on the speed of the vehicle and the load on the engine. It provides a smooth and comfortable driving experience, especially in urban environments and during frequent stop-and-go traffic.
Automatic transmission device
The main components of the automatic transmission are:
* Torque Converter: Converts torque from the engine into hydraulic pressure. It also serves as a clutch, allowing you to move away smoothly and change gears.
* Planetary Gearbox: Consists of a set of gears that interact with each other to change the gear ratio.
* Valve block: Controls the flow of pressurized fluid through the automatic transmission, activating various elements and shifting gears.
* Computer: Determines when and what gear to engage, taking into account vehicle speed, engine speed and other parameters.
* Oil pump: Injects fluid under pressure into the valve body and other automatic transmission components.
* Gear selector: Allows the driver to select automatic transmission operating modes (P, R, N, D, etc.).
Operating principle of automatic transmission
The automatic transmission works as follows:
1. The driver selects the desired automatic transmission operating mode using the gear selector.
2. The computer determines the optimal gear for the current driving conditions.
3. The hydraulic unit directs fluid under pressure to the corresponding pistons or clutches in the planetary gearbox.
4. Pistons or clutches engage the necessary gears to change the gear ratio.
5. The torque converter converts torque into hydraulic pressure, transmitting it to the wheels.
Types of automatic transmission
There are several types of automatic transmission:
* Classic: Hydraulic automatic transmission with torque converter.
* Robotic: Manual transmission with automatic gear shift.
* CVT: Continuously variable transmission providing smooth changes in gear ratio.
*Dual Clutch: Automatic transmission with two clutches for faster and smoother gear changes.
Advantages of automatic transmission:
* Smooth and comfortable driving
* Automatic gear selection
*Easy to use
* Ease of use in the city