Torque converter automatic transmission (GT automatic transmission)
Working principle:
A torque converter automatic transmission uses a torque converter to transfer torque from the engine to the transmission. The torque converter consists of the following main components:
* Pump (turbine): Attached to the engine crankshaft and rotates with it.
* Turbine: Attached to the gearbox shaft and receives torque from the pump.
* Stator: Located between the pump and turbine and rotates freely.
When the engine is running, the pump rotates, creating a flow of fluid. This fluid flow is directed to the turbine, causing it to rotate. The stator changes the direction of fluid flow, increasing the torque transmitted to the gearbox.
Advantages:
* Smooth Gear Shifting: The torque converter ensures smooth shifting by absorbing vibrations and shocks.
* Clutchless Starting Capability: The torque converter allows the vehicle to start moving away without the need to use a clutch.
* High torque at low speeds: The torque converter increases the torque transmitted to the transmission, which improves acceleration dynamics.
Flaws:
*Power Loss: The torque converter has some mechanical losses, which reduces the overall efficiency of the system.
* Increased fuel consumption: Power losses in the torque converter increase fuel consumption compared to other types of automatic transmissions.
* Complexity and cost: Torque converter automatic transmissions are more complex to manufacture and cost more than other types of automatic transmissions.
Application:
Torque converter automatic transmissions are widely used in various types of vehicles, including:
* Passenger cars
* SUVs
* Trucks
* Buses