Automatic transmission design
An automatic transmission (automatic transmission) is a complex mechanism consisting of the following main components:
1. Hydraulic transformer
* Converts engine torque and speed, transmitting them to the gearbox.
* Consists of two turbine wheels (pump and turbine) and a stator.
2. Planetary gearbox
* The main element of the transmission, which changes the gear ratio through the use of planetary gears.
* Consists of sun gear, center gear and planetary gears.
3. Clutch
* Shifts gears by locking or unlocking various elements of the planetary gearbox.
* Controlled by hydraulic control unit.
4. Hydraulic unit
* The hydraulic system that controls gear shifting and other transmission functions.
* Contains solenoid valves that direct the flow of hydraulic fluid.
5. Control unit
* An electronic unit that regulates the operation of the valve body based on input data from sensors (engine speed, throttle position, etc.).
6. Gearbox housing
* Assembly of all gearbox components into a single module.
* Usually made of aluminum alloy.
7. Gearbox housing
* Contains lubricating fluid (oil) and filters.
Types of automatic transmissions:
There are different types of automatic transmissions, including:
*Hydraulically controlled automatic transmissions are the most common and use hydraulic fluid to control gear shifting.
* Electronically controlled automatic transmissions are more modern, they have an electronic control system instead of a hydraulic one.
* Variable speed automatic transmission (CVT) – uses a pair of conical pulleys to continuously change the gear ratio.
* Assisted transmissions (AMTs) are manual transmissions with automated clutches and gear shifts.