Vehicle power system
The vehicle’s power system provides power to electrical components and systems, such as:
* Engine
* Headlights
* Signals
* Audio system
* Air conditioning system
Main components of the power supply system:
* Battery: Stores electrical energy and provides initial power to start the engine.
* Generator: Converts mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy and charges the battery.
* Voltage Regulator: Regulates the voltage supplied by the alternator to prevent overcharging the battery.
* Fuses and relays: Protect electrical components from overloads and overheating.
* Wires and Cables: Carries electricity from the battery and alternator to various components.
How the power supply system works:
1. Starting the engine: When you turn the ignition key, electricity from the battery is supplied to the starter, which starts the engine.
2. Recharging the Battery: Once started, the generator generates electricity, which is sent to the battery, recharging it.
3. Powering the Components: Electricity from the battery or generator is distributed to the various electrical components through wiring and cables.
4. Voltage Regulation: The voltage regulator controls the voltage supplied by the generator at 12-14 volts. This prevents the battery from overcharging, which could damage it.
5. Protection: Fuses and relays protect components from short circuits and overloads by breaking the circuit when excessive current is detected.
Typical diagram of a car’s power supply system:
Note: Conventional color marking of wires:
*Red: Positive
*Black: Negative
*Yellow: Charging