Vehicle power supply system
Battery
* Provides starting current for starting the engine and powering electrical equipment when the engine is turned off.
* Battery types: lead acid, AGM (absorbent glass mat), gel.
Generator
* Charges the battery and powers electrical equipment while the engine is running.
* Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy.
Voltage regulator
* Controls the voltage produced by the generator, preventing it from increasing and damaging electrical equipment.
Starter
* Drives the flywheel of the engine to start it.
*Uses the current provided by the battery.
Spark plugs (in gasoline engines)
* Create a spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders.
Glow plugs (in diesel engines)
* Heats the air in the cylinders, making it easier to start the engine in cold weather.
Lighting systems
* Headlights, taillights, direction indicators, brake lights.
* Provide visibility and safety when driving at night.
Wiper system
* Windshield wipers and washers.
* Improve visibility during rain and snow.
Sound alarm
* Horn or sound signal.
* Warns other road users and pedestrians of your approach.
Fans and air conditioning
* Fans cool the engine and interior.
* Air conditioning provides interior temperature in hot weather.
Electronic systems
Engine control unit (ECU)
* Controls engine operation by adjusting fuel injection, ignition and other parameters.
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
* Prevents wheel locking when braking, providing control and stability.
Vehicle Stability Control (ESC)
* Helps control skid and yaw, improving safety and handling.
Wires, fuses and relays
* Provide power and protection for electrical equipment.
* Wires carry current, fuses protect against power surges, and relays serve as low-current switches.