Basic electrical engineering for cars
* Voltage: Potential difference between two points.
* Current: Flow of charged particles.
* Resistance: Limit current flow.
* Ohm’s Law: V = IR (voltage equals current times resistance).
Vehicle electrical system
* Battery: Provides power when the engine is not running.
* Charger: Recharges the battery while the engine is running.
* Starter: Moves the vehicle’s engine.
* Lighting system: Provides visibility while driving.
* Wiper system: Clears the windshield of precipitation.
Electrical system elements
* Wires: Carry current between components.
* Fuses: Protect against overloads and short circuits.
* Relays: Electromagnetic switches that control higher currents.
* Electric motors: Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
* Sensors: Detect parameters such as engine speed and exhaust gas temperature.
Diagnostics and troubleshooting
* Diagnostic Computer: Reads fault codes and provides system status information.
* Voltmeter: Measures voltage.
* Ohmmeter: Measures resistance.
* Test lamp: Detects the presence of current.
Security measures
*Always disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on the electrical system.
* Wear protective gloves and goggles.
*Use insulated tools.
* Never touch exposed wires.
Maintenance Tips
* Check the battery regularly for corrosion and low charge.
* Clean battery terminals to ensure good contact.
* Replace fuses only with fuses of the same rating.
* Check wires for wear and damage.