Basic electrical systems of a car
Ignition system
* Starts the engine, creating a spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders.
Lighting system
* Provides visibility and illumination of the road at night or in poor visibility conditions.
Starter system
*Powers the engine when starting.
Charging system
* Charges the battery and provides power to the vehicle’s electrical systems.
Fuel supply system
* Delivers fuel from the fuel tank to the engine.
Engine management system
* Optimizes engine operation by controlling fuel supply, ignition and other parameters.
Electric windows
* Allows you to raise and lower the door windows.
Electric mirrors
* Adjust the position of the side and rear mirrors.
Fog lights
* Provide additional visibility in foggy or rainy conditions.
Parking sensors
* Help detect obstacles when parking.
Signaling
* Protects the car from theft and unauthorized entry.
Audio system
* Provides entertainment and music inside the car.
Navigation system
* Helps drivers navigate and find their destination.
Security systems
* Protects the driver and passengers in the event of a crash, such as airbags, seat belt pretensioners and stability control systems.
Electrical system components
Battery
* Stores electrical energy and provides power to start the engine and other electrical systems.
Generator
* Charges the battery and provides power to electrical systems while the engine is running.
Starter
* Starts the engine, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Electrical harness
* Connects various electrical components of the car.
Relays and fuses
* Protect electrical components from power surges and overloads.
Sensors and switches
* Collect information and control the operation of various systems, such as engine management, lighting system and fuel supply system.
Electronic control unit (ECU)
* A computer that monitors and controls the operation of various vehicle systems.