The main stages of car electrical diagnostics
1. Collection of information
* Conversation with the car owner about observed problems or symptoms
* Check service history and previous repairs
* Inspect the vehicle for visible damage or malfunctions
2. Visual inspection
* Checking the condition of the battery, terminals and wires
* Inspection of fuses and relays
* Checking connections and connectors
3. Testing
Battery testing:
* Check voltage and capacity
*Load test
Starter testing:
*Checking starting power
* Checking the solenoid relay
Generator testing:
* Check output voltage and current
* Checking the voltage regulator
Lighting testing:
* Checking bulbs, fuses and switches
* Headlight adjustment
Air conditioning system testing:
* Checking the refrigerant level
*Checking system pressure
* Checking the compressor and condenser
Ignition system testing:
* Checking spark plugs, wires and distributor
* Checking the ignition coil and engine control module (ECM)
Other tests:
* Testing the fuel injection system
*Cooling system testing
* ABS system testing
4. Fault diagnosis
* Analysis of test results and vehicle observations
* Identifying faulty components or systems
* Troubleshooting using technical documentation and special tools
5. Restoration of performance
* Replacement of faulty components
* Repair or clean damaged connections
* Reprogramming control modules if necessary
6. Test and retest
* Checking repaired systems for functionality
* Re-test the vehicle to confirm that faults have been corrected
Tools used for car electrical diagnostics:
* Multimeter
* Trouble code scanner
*Battery loader
* Start stand
* Lighting tester
* Pressure gauge for air conditioning system
* Fixed spark gap for ignition system
* Oscilloscope (for in-depth diagnostics)
Important tips for diagnosing car electrical systems:
* Always use safety precautions when working on electrical systems
* Use the right tools and equipment
*Refer to the technical documentation for details on your specific vehicle model
*If you are unsure of your skills or cannot fix the problem yourself, seek help from a qualified mechanic.