Electronics and electrics in cars
Electrical system
* Battery: Provides power to start the engine and other electrical appliances.
* Generator: Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electricity to charge the battery and power electrical appliances.
* Ignition system: Creates a spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.
* Lighting System: Provides visibility at night or in low visibility conditions.
* Starting System: Starts the engine using a starter that is powered by the battery.
Electronic system
* Electronic Control Unit (ECU): The brain of the car that controls the operation of various systems such as the engine, transmission and safety systems.
* Sensors: Collect data about various operating parameters of the vehicle and transmit it to the ECU.
* Actuators: Devices that receive signals from the ECU and control mechanical components such as fuel injectors or engine valves.
* Communication systems: Allows different vehicle systems to communicate with each other.
* Infotainment systems: Provide entertainment and information such as navigation, music and news.
* Safety systems: Assist the driver and protect passengers, such as anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control system (TCS) and airbags.
Electrical components
* Controllers: Control electrical devices such as power windows or headlights.
* Relays: Turn electrical circuits on and off.
* Fuses: Protect the electrical system from overloads, burnouts and short circuits.
* Wiring: Carries electrical current throughout the vehicle.
* Sockets: Allows you to connect external electrical appliances such as chargers or compressors.
Development trends
* Electrification: Increasing number of electric and hybrid vehicles requiring specialized electronic systems.
* Autonomous driving: Developing systems that allow cars to drive themselves, which requires advanced sensors and data processing algorithms.
* Connected Cars: The ability to connect cars to the Internet to access updates, entertainment and other services.
* Personalization: Creating cars that can be customized to the driver’s preferences thanks to intelligent electronic systems.
* Sustainability: Innovation in electronic systems to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.