Electrical machines
Electrical machines are devices that convert one type of electrical energy into another or into mechanical energy, or vice versa. They can be divided into two main categories:
Generators
* Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
*Used to generate electricity in power plants, automobiles and other applications.
* Main types: synchronous generators and asynchronous generators.
Electric motors
* Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
* Used to drive machines, tools and other devices.
*Main types: DC motors, AC motors, stepper motors and servo motors.
Classification of electrical machines
Electrical machines can also be classified according to other criteria such as:
*By type of current: DC motors, AC motors
* By design type: with excitation, without excitation
*By type of movement: linear, rotating
* By power: small, medium, large
Operating principle
The operating principle of electric machines is based on the interaction of magnetic fields. In generators, the rotation of the rotor in the magnetic field of the stator induces an electromotive force (EMF), which is converted into electric current. In electric motors, current passing through the stator windings creates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor’s magnetic field to produce mechanical torque.
Application
Electrical machines are widely used in various industries, including:
* Electricity supply
* Industry
* Transport
* Automation
* Household appliances