Electrical system for car
The vehicle’s electrical system provides power to all electrical components and accessories and also allows control of various systems. It consists of the following main components:
Battery
* Provides electricity when the engine is off and supplements the generator when the engine is on.
* Stores electrochemical energy and converts it into electrical energy.
Generator
* Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy.
* Charges the battery and provides power to the vehicle’s electrical components when the engine is running.
Starter
* Powers the internal combustion engine, providing the initial impulse of torque.
* Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Fuses and relays
* Protect electrical circuits from excessive current.
* Fuses blow if the current gets too high, breaking the circuit.
* Relays act as switches, controlled by an electrical signal that allows current to flow or be interrupted.
Wiring
* Connects all electrical components and ensures the transmission of electricity.
* Consists of wires, cables and wiring harnesses.
Engine Management System (ECM)
* Monitors the internal combustion engine, regulating fuel supply, ignition and other parameters.
*Also known as the engine control module (ECM) or engine control unit (ECU).
Control Modules (BCMs)
* Control various vehicle functions such as lights, wipers, air conditioning, etc.
*Also known as body control modules (BCM) or electronic control modules (ECM).
Lighting system
* Provides visibility and safety in different lighting conditions.
*Includes headlights, brake lights, turn signals, etc.
Horn system
* Warns other drivers and pedestrians of the vehicle’s presence.
* Includes horn, wiring and control unit.
Connectors and connections
* Allows the connection of electrical components and ensures the transmission of electricity and signals.
*Includes connectors, terminals and soldering.
The electrical system of a car is complex and plays a vital role in its operation. Proper maintenance and repair of these components is essential to ensure reliable, trouble-free operation of your vehicle.