Vehicle electrical system
A vehicle’s electrical system is critical to its operation, providing power to various components and systems. It includes the following main elements:
Battery
* Stores electrical energy and provides power to the starter motor when the engine starts.
* Provides backup power for electronic systems when the engine is off.
Generator
* Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy.
* Charges the battery and provides power to the vehicle’s electrical systems.
Starter
* An electric motor that runs an internal combustion engine.
* Requires a lot of battery power.
Electrical wiring
* A network of wires and cables connecting various electrical components.
* Provides transmission of electricity and signals.
Fuses and relays
* Protect the electrical system from overload and short circuits.
* Relays are used to control large currents or to isolate certain circuits.
Lighting system
* Headlights, taillights, turn signals and other lighting fixtures.
* Provides visibility and safety while driving.
Ignition system
* Components that create a high-voltage spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine.
*Includes ignition coils, spark plugs and distributors.
Engine Management System (ECM)
* A computer that controls various engine systems such as fuel injection and ignition timing.
* Optimizes engine performance, efficiency and emissions.
Body Control Module (BCM)
* Responsible for various comfort and convenience functions such as lighting, power windows and door locks.
Additional electronic systems
* Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
* Infotainment systems
* Security systems
Electrical System Maintenance
Regular maintenance of your vehicle’s electrical system is critical to keeping it running smoothly and safely:
*Check the battery and replace if necessary
* Replacement of worn components such as spark plugs and lambda probes
* Checking and cleaning electrical connections
* ECM and BCM software update
* Quick diagnosis and troubleshooting
Failure to adhere to the maintenance schedule may result in electrical system failures, which may affect vehicle safety, performance and comfort.