Vehicle electrical system
A vehicle’s electrical system plays a vital role in its operation, providing energy to various components and systems. It consists of the following main parts:
1. Battery
* Stores electrical energy necessary to start the engine and power electrical appliances.
* Recharged by the generator while the engine is running.
2. Generator
* Converts the mechanical energy of a rotating motor into electrical energy.
* Charges the battery and powers electrical appliances while the engine is running.
3. Starter
* An electric motor that runs a car’s engine.
*Powered by battery.
4. Electrical harness
* A bundle of wires connecting various electrical components.
* Transfers electrical current between the battery, generator, starter and other devices.
5. Fuses and relays
* Protective devices that prevent damage to electrical components from overcurrent.
* Relays are used to control high current flowing through the bestimmte circuit.
6. Engine control unit (ECU)
* A computer that controls the operation of the engine, regulating fuel injection, ignition and other parameters.
* Receives information from various sensors and controls actuators.
7. Electronic control unit (ECU)
* The computer that controls the car’s other electronic systems, such as the lighting systems, windshield wipers and audio system.
Vehicle electrical system functions:
* Starting the engine
* Power supply for electrical appliances (headlights, windshield wipers, air conditioning, etc.)
* Control of vehicle systems (fuel pump, brakes, steering, etc.)
* Diagnostics and monitoring of faults
Requirements for the vehicle’s electrical system:
* Reliability and durability
*High performance
* Safety and overload protection
* Minimal energy loss
* Regulatory Compliance