Vehicle electrical system
Battery
* Stores electricity and supplies it to electrical devices.
Generator
* Converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy and charges the battery.
Starter
* Turns on the engine, drawing more power from the battery.
Gear
* Converts angular velocity between starter and engine.
Fuses and relays
* Protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits.
* Relays control the operation of devices such as headlights, windshield wipers and power windows.
Wiring
* Connects various electrical devices and components.
Electrical devices
* Lighting: headlights, taillights, turn signals, brake lights
* Heating and ventilation: heater, air conditioner, fan
* Windshield wipers and power windows
* Sound system: radio, speakers
*Measuring instruments: speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge
Electronic control systems
* Control various vehicle functions such as:
* Fuel injection
* Ignition
*Transmission
* Security systems
Computer systems
* Engine Control Unit (ECU): Controls engine operation, ignition and fuel injection.
* Body Control Module (BCM): Controls lighting, windshield wipers, power windows and other comfort functions.
* ABS system: Prevents wheel locking during braking.
* Stability Control (ESP): Helps prevent skidding and spinning.
Sensors
* Provide electronic control systems with information about the vehicle’s condition, such as:
* Speed
* Steering angle
* Tire pressure
* Engine temperature
Antennas
* Receive radio signals and transmit them to the sound system.
Weight
* The electrical system uses the vehicle’s chassis as a path to ground, which creates a path for current to complete the electrical circuit.