Electrical system of GAZelle cars
The electrical system of GAZelle vehicles is designed to provide power to all consumers of the on-board network, which includes:
* Engine
* Lighting
* Ignition
* Control system
* Control devices
* Other electrical equipment
Basic elements of the electrical system
The main elements of the electrical system of a GAZelle car:
* Rechargeable battery
* Generator
* Starter
* Relay regulator
* Fuses and relays
* Wiring
Battery
The battery is used to start the engine and power the on-board network when the engine is not running. It consists of several elements (cans) connected in series, each of which contains a set of plates made of lead and lead oxide.
Generator
The generator produces electricity that powers the on-board network when the engine is running. It converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy.
Starter
The starter is designed to start the car engine. It consists of a powerful electric motor and a solenoid relay that connects the starter to the engine flywheel.
Relay regulator
The relay regulator serves to regulate the voltage generated by the generator and protect it from overload.
Fuses and relays
Fuses and relays are used to protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits. Fuses are thin fusible wires that burn out when the current passing through them exceeds. Relays are electromagnetic devices that switch electrical circuits.
Wiring
Wiring is a collection of wires and cables that connect all elements of an electrical system. It provides power to consumers and transmits control signals.
Electrical System Operation
When the engine starts, the starter receives power from the battery and rotates the engine flywheel. After starting the engine, the generator begins to generate electricity, which is supplied to the on-board network and recharges the battery.
When the engine is running, the relay-regulator maintains the voltage of the on-board network within specified limits. It turns the generator on and off, regulating its excitation.
When overloaded or short-circuited, fuses blow, breaking the circuit and protecting the electrical system from damage.
Relays switch electrical circuits, controlling the operation of various consumers of the on-board network, for example, lighting, ignition systems, etc.
Electrical System Maintenance
To maintain the electrical system of a GAZelle vehicle in good condition, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance, which includes:
* Battery check
* Checking and replacing fuses and relays
* Wiring check
* Cleaning contacts and connectors
* Adjustment of the relay regulator
The frequency of maintenance depends on the operating conditions of the vehicle and should be indicated in the owner’s manual.