Car electrical circuit diagram
Legend:
* Battery: power source
* Generator: generates electricity when the engine is running
* Voltage Regulator: Controls the voltage supplied from the alternator to the battery
*Starter: starts the engine
* Ignition switch: turns the ignition on and off
* Engine Control Unit (ECU): controls engine operation
* Fuses: protect electrical circuits from overloads
* Relays: switch electrical circuits
* Lighting: headlights, lanterns, instrument lighting
* Sound signals: horn, alarm
* Air conditioning: cools and dehumidifies the air inside the car
* Heating: warms up seats, mirrors and other elements
*Power windows: Electrically operate the windows
* Central Locking: Locks and unlocks all doors using remote control or key
* Immobilizer: anti-theft system that blocks the engine from starting without permission
Power circuit:
* Battery -> Starter -> Ignition switch -> Generator -> Battery
Ignition circuit:
* Battery -> Ignition switch -> Ignition coil -> Spark plugs
Motor control circuit:
* Battery -> Engine sensors -> ECU -> Engine actuators
Lighting circuit:
* Battery -> Light switch -> Headlights / lanterns
Audio signal circuit:
* Battery -> Horn button -> Horn relay -> Klaxon / alarm
Air conditioner circuit:
* Battery -> A/C relay -> A/C compressor
Heating circuit:
* Battery -> Heating relay -> Heating elements
Electric window circuit:
* Battery -> Window switches -> Window motors
Central locking chain:
* Battery -> Central locking control unit -> Door lock motors
Immobilizer circuit:
* Battery -> Immobilizer control unit -> Key transponder