Creating an electrical system in a car
Equipment and materials
* Electrical wiring harness
* Battery
* Starter
* Generator
* Fuses
* Relay
* Wires and connectors
* Tools (screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, etc.)
Stages
1. Planning
* Determine the location of electrical system components.
* Select suitable electrical wiring harness based on vehicle functions.
* Plan your wiring diagram, identifying component locations, wiring, and connections.
2. Battery installation
* Select the correct size and type of battery for your vehicle.
*Insert the battery into the battery compartment.
* Connect the positive (+) pole to the starter and alternator.
*Connect the negative (-) pole to the car chassis.
3. Installation of the starter
* Find a suitable place to install the starter.
* Attach the starter to the engine.
*Connect the positive (+) lead from the battery to the “S” terminal on the starter.
*Connect the negative (-) lead from the battery to the “B” terminal on the starter.
4. Generator installation
* Install the generator on the engine.
* Attach the drive belt to the alternator pulley.
*Connect the positive (+) lead from the alternator to the “B+” terminal on the battery.
*Connect the negative (-) wire from the alternator to the vehicle chassis.
5. Installation of fuses and relays
* Install fuses and relays in the fuse box.
* Connect fuses and relays according to the wiring diagram.
* Fuses protect the electrical system from overcurrent, and relays control components turning on and off.
6. Wiring
* Lay out the electrical wiring harness according to the wiring diagram.
* Use connectors to connect wires.
* Secure the wiring harness using clamps.
7. Testing
* Check all connections and wires for poor insulation or breaks.
*Connect the negative (-) battery cable to the vehicle chassis.
* Check the operation of electrical system components such as starter, alternator, lighting, etc.
Precautions
* Disconnect the negative battery cable before performing any electrical work.
* Use the correct tools and materials for electrical work.
*Follow wiring diagrams and manufacturer’s instructions.
*Work in a well-ventilated area.
* Be careful when working with high voltage wires.