How the car electrical system works
A car’s electrical system provides electrical power to all vehicle components such as the engine, headlights, radio, climate control systems, etc. It consists of the following main components:
1. Battery
The battery is the main source of energy for a car. It stores chemical energy, which is converted into electrical energy to power various components.
2. Generator
The generator produces electricity while the engine is running. It converts the mechanical energy of the engine rotation into electrical energy.
3. Starter
The starter is an electric motor that starts the engine. It uses electrical energy from the battery to turn the engine’s crankshaft.
4. Electrical wiring
Electrical wiring connects the various components of an electrical system and transfers electricity from a source to consumers.
5. Engine control unit (ECU)
The ECU is the electronic brain of the car. It controls fuel supply, ignition and the operation of various systems using information from sensors and input devices.
6. Relays and fuses
Relays and fuses protect the electrical system from overloads and short circuits. Relays amplify electrical signals, and fuses open the circuit if the permissible current is exceeded.
How a car’s electrical system works:
1. When the ignition key is turned, the battery supplies electricity to the starter.
2. The starter starts the engine.
3. The generator begins to generate electricity and recharge the battery.
4. Electrical voltage is regulated by the generator voltage regulator.
5. The ECU manages power to various components according to input from sensors and controls.