Electrical basics in cars
The vehicle’s electrical wiring supplies electricity from the battery to various components such as headlights, turn signals, starter, etc. The vehicle’s electrical system typically operates at 12 volts.
The main components of a car’s electrical system:
* Battery: The battery provides electrical power to the ignition system when the engine is started and powers other electrical components when the engine is off.
* Alternator: The alternator produces electricity to recharge the battery while the engine is running.
* Starter: The starter starts the engine by turning the crankshaft.
* Electrical Wiring: Wires connect the various components of the electrical system.
* Fuses: Fuses protect the electrical system from overloads.
Types of electrical circuits in cars:
* Ignition Circuit: Feeds the ignition system, which ignites the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.
*Light Circuit: Provides power to headlights, taillights, turn signals and other exterior lighting fixtures.
* Instrument Circuit: Powers instrument panel instruments such as the speedometer, odometer and tachometer.
* Convenience Circuit: Provides electricity for amenities such as radios, air conditioning and power windows.
Operation of the vehicle’s electrical system:
1. When you turn the ignition key, current from the battery flows through the ignition circuit.
2. The ignition circuit powers the ignition coil, which creates high voltage electricity.
3. High-voltage electricity is supplied to the spark plugs, which ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.
4. Once the engine starts, the alternator produces electricity to recharge the battery and power other electrical components.
Troubleshooting a car’s electrical system:
If there is a problem with your vehicle’s electrical system, it may show up as the following symptoms:
* Dim headlights or faulty taillights
* Inoperative instruments on the dashboard
* Difficulty starting the engine
*Low battery
To troubleshoot your car’s electrical system, you need to use a voltage tester and a multimeter. You can also seek help from a qualified auto mechanic.